Consecuencias psicológicas de la exposición a zonas de conflicto en niños, niñas y adolescentes / Conseqüències psicològiques de l’exposició a zones de conflicte en nens, nenes i adolescents / Children and adolescents psychological consequences of exposure to conflict zones

Una de lasprincipales víctimas de las guerras y conflictos armados son los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Las consecuenciasnegativas de los conflictos bélicos en la salud física y mental de esta población han sido señaladas en numerosasocasiones por la literatura científica. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados de las últimas inves-tigaciones sobre las consecuencias de la exposición a conflictos armados en la salud mental de los niños, niñasy adolescentes, para ayudar a los profesionales del país a tener una mayor comprensión de la problemática yabordarla de forma adecuada. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de artículos científicos publicados enlos últimos cinco años. El trastorno por estrés postraumático es el más observado en los estudios internaciona-les, aunque se detectan otros problemas emocionales y conductuales en los niños, niñas y adolescentes que hanvivido una situación de conflicto armado. Es importante tener en cuenta que la sintomatología clínica continúaincluso bajo medidas protectoras como un desplazamiento forzoso, así como conocer las necesidades específi-cas de esta población para adaptar la intervención clínica de manera adecuada.(AU)

One of the main victimsof wars and armed conflicts are children and adolescents. The negative consequences of war conflicts on thephysical and mental health of this population have been reported on numerous occasions in the scientific litera-ture. The aim of this study is to present the results of the latest research on the mental health consequences inchildren and adolescents who have been exposed to armed conflicts, in order to help the country's professionalsto have a better understanding of the problem and to address it in an appropriate way. To this end, a review ofscientific articles published in the last five years has been carried out. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the mostfrequently observed in international studies, although other emotional and behavioural problems are detectedin children and adolescents who have lived through a situation of armed conflict. It is important to take intoaccount that clinical symptomatology continues even under protective measures such as forced displacement,as well as to know the specific needs of this population in order to adapt the clinical intervention appropriately.(AU)

Una de les princi-pals víctimes de les guerres i conflictes armats són els nens, les nenes i els adolescents. Les conseqüències negati-ves dels conflictes bèl·lics en la salut física i mental d'aquesta població han estat assenyalades moltes vegades perla literatura científica. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és presentar els resultats de les darreres investigacions sobre lesconseqüències de l'exposició a conflictes armats en la salut mental dels nens, nenes i adolescents, per ajudar elsprofessionals del país a tenir més comprensió de la problemàtica i abordar-la de manera adequada. Per fer-ho, s'hadut a terme una revisió d'articles científics publicats en els darrers cinc anys. El trastorn per estrès posttraumàticés el més observat als estudis internacionals, encara que es detecten altres problemes emocionals i conductualsen els nens, nenes i adolescents que han viscut una situació de conflicte armat. És important tenir en compte quela simptomatologia clínica continua fins i tot sota mesures protectores, com ara un desplaçament forçós, així comconèixer les necessitats específiques d'aquesta població per adaptar la intervenció clínica de manera adequada.(AU)

Victimization and substance use among adolescents in residential child care.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents in Residential Child Care (RCC) report high levels of victimization. This has been linked to mental health problems and a higher risk of substance use and substance use problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the specific impact of different forms of victimization on alcohol and cannabis use problems among adolescents in RCC, attending to sex differences. METHODS: 321 adolescents from 38 residential therapeutic care facilities in Spain participated in the study. Thirty-six different forms of victimization were evaluated, as well as alcohol and cannabis use problems. Impact of polyvictimization and specific forms of victimization on alcohol and cannabis use problems and disorders were calculated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Girls in RCC reported significantly more experiences of victimization. Polyvictimization was associated with alcohol use problems but not cannabis use problems. Property, domestic and community victimization showed the highest predictive role regarding alcohol and cannabis use disorders, with significant interactions with sex and migrant family background. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents in RCC reported considerably high levels of victimization and alcohol and cannabis use problems. In this population, property victimization, as well as indirect domestic and community victimization were predictors of further substance use problems, with girls being particularly sensitive to victimization. Migrant family backgrounds can also have an influence on the impact of some victimization forms on substance use. Victimization associated to high-risk environments and families could contribute to explain the high levels of substance use problems in this population.

No one ever asked us. young people's evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs / Nadie nos ha preguntado nunca. La evaluación de los jóvenes sobre sus hogares de acogimiento residencial en tres programas diferentes

Background: Residential child care is a very complex measure and has been the subject of heated debate in many countries. However, there is a paucity of studies that examine quality assessments of these services, much less that have asked the children and young people receiving those services about their own evaluations. Method: This study interviewed 209 young people between 11 and 20 years of age, in 21 residential facilities, about their degree of satisfaction with the care they receive. These residential facilities are differentiated into three types of programs that will be compared: preparation for adult life (PAL), therapeutic care for behavioral problems (TRC) and general programs for children and young people without any specific profile (GRC). The instrument used is an interview that includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Results: The results show a trend toward positive average scores on practically all aspects, highlighting the support from as well as the connection they feel with the educators who care for them. On the other hand, young people in TRC displayed lower scores on almost all aspects evaluated while those in PAL were the most positive. Conclusions: The main implications for the practice will be discussed from these youths' perspective

Antecedentes: el acogimiento residencial es una medida compleja y que ha sido objeto de intensos debates en muchos países. Sin embargo, no existen muchos estudios sobre la evaluación de la calidad de estos servicios y mucho menos que hayan tenido en cuenta la opinión de los niños y jóvenes que los reciben. Método: en este estudio se entrevista a 209 jóvenes entre 11 y 20 años, que se encuentran en 21 hogares de acogimiento residencial, acerca de su satisfacción con la atención que reciben. Estos hogares de acogida se diferencian en tres tipos de programas que se compararán: preparación para la vida adulta (PAL), acogimiento terapéutico para problemas de conducta (TRC) y programas generalistas sin perfil específico (GRC). El instrumento empleado es una entrevista que recoge valoraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas. Resultados: los resultados muestran una tendencia a valoraciones con promedios positivos en prácticamente todos los aspectos, destacando el apoyo y la vinculación con los educadores que los atienden. Por otra parte, los jóvenes en TRC muestran puntuaciones más bajas en casi todos los aspectos, mientras que los jóvenes en PAL presentan las más altas. Conclusiones: se discutirán las principales implicaciones para la práctica desde esta perspectiva de los jóvenes

No one ever asked us. Young people's evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs.

BACKGROUND: Residential child care is a very complex measure and has been the subject of heated debate in many countries. However, there is a paucity of studies that examine quality assessments of these services, much less that have asked the children and young people receiving those services about their own evaluations. METHOD: This study interviewed 209 young people between 11 and 20 years of age, in 21 residential facilities, about their degree of satisfaction with the care they receive. These residential facilities are differentiated into three types of programs that will be compared: preparation for adult life (PAL), therapeutic care for behavioral problems (TRC) and general programs for children and young people without any specific profile (GRC). The instrument used is an interview that includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments. RESULTS: The results show a trend toward positive average scores on practically all aspects, highlighting the support from as well as the connection they feel with the educators who care for them. On the other hand, young people in TRC displayed lower scores on almost all aspects evaluated while those in PAL were the most positive. CONCLUSIONS: The main implications for the practice will be discussed from these youths’ perspective.